Beethoven Sketches of His Face for Kids Funny

The town of Bonn in 1700.

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VIBRATING SOUNDS

Then let us all do what is right, strive with all our might toward the unattainable, develop as fully as we can the gifts God has given us, and never stop learning.

—LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN

ON A COLD day in December 1770 Ludwig van Beethoven was born. White snow covered the rooftop above the tiny attic room where his mother was now resting after his birth. All was still outside except for the wind swirling the layers of snow into soft hills, and yet the world surrounding this new baby was rapidly changing.

In the part of Europe then called the Holy Roman Empire was the town of Bonn (today a thriving city in Germany), where the family lived on a street called Bonngasse (Bonn Lane). They rented rooms in the garden wing of the house. The chilled air of Europe was vibrating with new, exciting sounds. Outside the parlor window, people were talking about gaining freedom from tyrannical rulers and monarchs in Europe and in lands far away. From the back of the house, the sounds of music, its harmonies and rhythms, pulsed from the small rooms.

The house where Beethoven was born, now the Beethoven Museum, Bonn. Photograph by Sir James

Baby Ludwig's father, Johann, and his grandfather, also named Ludwig, were musicians in the court of the elector of Cologne. The elector was the archbishop placed in charge of the territory by the emperor Joseph II. Grandfather Ludwig had come to Bonn from Belgium many years before. Now Ludwig's only son was a singer in the same court. Johann also gave music lessons to the children of wealthy aristocrats. These few students brought in some additional money to help support Johann's wife, Maria Magdalena, and their new baby. Maria Magdalena had been a young widow when Johann married her in 1767, just a few days before her 21st birthday. She had lost her first husband and an infant son.

Even with the extra income from his students, Johann did not earn much, but Grandfather Ludwig often helped them, especially after his new namesake, Ludwig, was born and survived. This Ludwig was actually the second child to which the couple had given that name. Their first son had been baptized Ludwig Maria one year before but had passed away when he was only six days old. His parents and grandfather hoped and prayed that this new Ludwig would be strong and well enough to reach adulthood.

Being born into a family of musicians does not always guarantee musical talent, but in this case the youngster was clearly very musically gifted. When Ludwig was three years old, Johann began to teach him to play the violin as well as a stringed keyboard instrument called the harpsichord. Ludwig was so small he had to stand on a wooden bench to reach the keyboard. Johann noted that his son learned quickly—he seemed to breathe in the music.

Maria Magdalena was a gentle, kind, and patient woman, but her husband was harsh and demanding. Johann had a terrible temper and spent a lot of his time in the local taverns, often coming home drunk and in a foul mood. He would make little Ludwig practice for hours and even wake him up late at night for a lesson. Johann was aware that about 15 years earlier a six-year-old musical genius named Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who was considered a child prodigy (an unusually talented child), had earned a lot of money by performing all over Europe. Johann was sure that his son was just as gifted. He was hoping to make money in the same way from his son's talent, so he pushed Ludwig very hard. Even though his father was critical and forced him to practice, young Ludwig loved music.

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom in the 1700s and soon spread to the rest of Europe, North America, and the world, introducing steam-powered machines for producing and transporting products. As technology advanced, the Western world moved from a household economy to an industry-based economy.

Thomas Newcomen's steam engine. Practical Physics for Secondary Schools (Macmillan and Company, 1913)

The Scottish inventor James Watt made changes to Thomas Newcomen's steam engine that led to the development of the steam locomotive and the steamboat as well as more powerful factory machinery. Watt's improvements not only increased the power of the steam engine but made it more reliable. The steam engine replaced people and animals as the energy source for the Industrial Revolution. It drove the machines of the mills and factories and allowed the mass production of goods.

New inventions also mechanized farming. In 1788 the Scotsman Andrew Meikle patented his invention, the threshing machine, which separated grain from its stalks. Fewer people were needed to harvest crops as machines took over human labor. People who had been spending their lives farming now moved to cities and took jobs in factories. The Industrial Revolution changed an agricultural society into a city-centered economy.

Threshing machine. 1881 Dictionnaire d'arts industriels

Beethoven's grandfather, also named Ludwig van Beethoven. Reproduced with the permission of the Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies, San José State University

Grandfather Ludwig passed away when his grandson was three years old; young Ludwig's musical talent was a great comfort in the years following his adored grandfather's death. The child always kept a small portrait of his grandfather, who had also been his godfather, close by. The artist Leopold Radoux had depicted a serious but kindly looking man in a fur-trimmed jacket and velvet robe pointing to a musical score. Even though Beethoven would move many times in the years to come, this cherished portrait always moved with him.

The Beethoven family was growing. Several more children were born, but only two boys, Nikolaus Johann and Caspar Carl, survived past infancy. Needing additional space, the family moved many times. They often found lodgings in the lower part of town near the river, in the less expensive areas of Bonn.

During Beethoven's childhood, the society, economy, and politics of Europe were changing. The ancient social traditions and political arrangements that had ruled and organized people's lives were starting to fall apart. Even in a small town like Bonn, the chimney stacks of factories were rising as power machinery replaced hand tools and manufacturing replaced farming. People who had lived in the countryside began moving to towns. Cities grew steadily as people found jobs there, and a new working class was forming. Ruling monarchies feared they would be overthrown by the common people as a revolutionary mood flooded the continent.

Learning About the World

WHEN LUDWIG was six years old he entered the local primary school. He began learning about the world outside of his home. Ludwig understood that he had been born into a lower social class than the aristocrats who rode around town in splendid carriages. He had seen how his father bowed low to the nobility and how he was careful to be extra polite when talking to them. These rich people wore beautiful and well-made clothes. The aristocratic women, holding their little dogs, would stroll through the parks of Bonn in their lovely dresses and fancy hats. The men were clad in elaborate, white-powdered wigs and colorful silk jackets. The vast differences in lifestyle between the rich and poor seemed unfair to the little boy. Even at such a young age he was not impressed by status that was based simply on someone's birth.

Ludwig did not seem to learn much in school. He was not good with numbers, had a hard time with spelling, and his handwriting was impossible to read, the teacher complained. In the classroom the children used hornbooks, which were pieces of wood with a handle on which a lesson was attached then covered with a thin piece of horn to keep the page clean. Ludwig's hornbook was always messy, and the paper containing his lesson was often torn and blurry.

Make a Hornbook and Quil Pen

IN BEETHOVEN'S time there were no blackboards in classrooms, and books were expensive. Children learned how to read using hornbooks. To keep the lessons clean, a thin piece of translucent animal horn was placed over the paper. A hole in the handle allowed the hornbook to be tied to the child's belt. Quill pens, made out of large bird feathers, were used for centuries as writing instruments until they were replaced by dip pens with wooden holders. You can make a hornbook to display a poem or short story that you enjoy.

You'll Need

Stiff piece of cardboard, 9 by 11 inches

Scissors

Goose or turkey feather from a craft store

Bottle of dark-colored ink

Scrap paper

Poem or short story you like or write

Paper, 7 by 9 inches

Clear plastic sheet or waxed paper, 7½ by 9½ inches

Glue stick or thumbtacks

Hole punch

10 inches of yarn or string

1. Draw a paddle shape on the cardboard to measure 8 by 10 inches, and cut it out.

2. Make your quill pen by snipping the tip of the feather quill into a V shape with scissors.

3. Dip the end of the quill pen into the ink and practice writing with it on scrap paper. It may take some time before you are satisfied with your ability to work with the quill.

4. Write or copy the poem or short story on the 7-by-9-inch paper using the quill.

5. Attach the paper to the cardboard with glue, centering the paper on the cardboard.

6. Cover the paper with the plastic sheet or waxed paper. Glue or thumbtack the edges to the cardboard.

7. Have an adult punch a hole in the handle. Loop the yarn or string through the hole and tie the ends together to create a loop to wear around your wrist.

Ludwig did not make many friends at school. Some of the children were cruel to him and made fun of his shabby, unwashed clothes or the fact that his hands and face always appeared to be dirty. After being teased and taunted several times, Ludwig tried to avoid his classmates. His mother suggested that the other children would be nicer to him if he would smile at them more often, but the boy did not think that a silly grin was a good reply to the ridicule of his classmates. Instead of smiling Ludwig sternly responded that when he became a famous musician no one would care about his clothes or dare to treat him badly.

The Patronage System

For centuries in Europe the wealthy and powerful controlled the arts. All artists, writers, and musicians were hired and supported by men who had authority either as rulers of the people or as high-ranking members of the clergy. Some royal and noble women were active patrons as well. This system was known as the patronage system. A patron could choose which artists to support and tell them what to produce. This severely limited the artists' freedom to create. They were considered servants of their patrons and were expected to try to please their patrons' tastes and demands. These wealthy and powerful sponsors often used the arts to glorify their own social or political ambitions.

Great works of art and music were often crafted under this system, even if the works weren't of the artist's choosing. Michelangelo preferred to carve marble sculptures when he was commissioned by the pope to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling. The artist wanted to turn down this project. Realizing that his future income was at stake, Michelangelo gave the world a fabulous work of art.

Beethoven is credited as the first composer to have avoided complete dependence on the patronage system. By the time his music was well known, the middle class could afford to attend concerts and purchase his scores. Still, he did rely on patrons for much of his income. Patrons often commissioned Beethoven for projects, but because he had other sources of income he had the freedom to say no.

Miss Campion holding a hornbook. History of the HornBook by Andrew Tuer, 1661

When Ludwig came home from school he spent many hours practicing the violin and the harpsichord. He loved the feel of the instruments and the beautiful sounds they could make. Music made the rest of the

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Source: https://www.scribd.com/book/161034433/Beethoven-for-Kids-His-Life-and-Music-with-21-Activities

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